Hybrid perovskite photovoltaics represent a dynamic frontier in the development of next-generation solar energy technologies, offering unparalleled opportunities for tunable optoelectronic properties, low-temperature processing, and integration into multifunctional energy systems^[1]. Here, we present a holistic and co-optimized framework that unites molecular design, interface engineering, and defect passivation to overcome long-standing performance–stability–transparency trade-offs in perovskite devices. Our work highlights multimodal strategies tailored for two emerging application landscapes: building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and ultra-efficient indoor light harvesting.

First, we demonstrate an integrated optical-electrical-chemical approach to semi-transparent perovskite solar cells and modules. By combining optimized transparent conductive electrodes, tailored optical management layers, and targeted molecular passivation, we achieve state-of-the-art semi-transparent devices that balance high power conversion efficiency (PCE) with exceptional light utilization efficiency (LUE)^[2]. This strategy effectively decouples the traditional transparency–efficiency compromise, paving the way for scalable, high-performance BIPV solutions that seamlessly integrate into windows, façades, and smart building envelopes.

Second, we introduce a buried-interface engineering platform based on a multifunctional polymer matrix that homogenizes electron transport layer (SnO₂) dispersion, suppresses interfacial recombination, and promotes preferential perovskite grain orientation. Devices fabricated using this approach exhibit significantly enhanced PCE with minimal hysteresis and remarkable operational stability under continuous illumination. These results underscore the pivotal role of interfacial quality and morphological control in realizing robust and efficient hybrid perovskite photovoltaics^[3].

Third, we report a novel Triple Passivation Treatment (TPT) strategy designed for wide-bandgap perovskites, which concurrently addresses bulk, grain boundary, and surface defects while modulating surface energetics from n- to p-type character. This treatment enables a record indoor PCE of 38% under 1000 lux LED illumination, alongside outstanding shelf-life and light-soaking stability. The TPT protocol highlights how synergistic passivation can unlock the full potential of perovskites for low-light and Internet-of-Things (IoT) powered environments^[4].

Collectively, these advances illustrate how cross-disciplinary innovation in materials chemistry, interface science, and device architecture can drive perovskite photovoltaics toward commercial viability^[5]. By bridging gaps between efficiency, stability, and application-specific functionality, our work enables the integration of perovskite photovoltaics into both transparent building elements and off-grid indoor energy systems. These findings establish broadly applicable design principles for hybrid photovoltaic technologies, supporting the development of efficient, stable, and application-ready solar energy systems for sustainable and decentralized energy infrastructures.