Publication date: 11th March 2026
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted widespread interest because of their highly tunable porosity and structural modularity, which enable precise control over pore size, topology, and chemical functionality. [1], [2] Despite this versatility, most MOFs are electrically insulating, which limits their use in electronic and optoelectronic applications. While several electroactive 2D MOFs have recently shown metallic or band-like transport, identifying similar transport signatures in truly three-dimensional, highly porous frameworks remains challenging. [3], [4] In this work, we investigate charge transport in a 3D Fe-HHTP MOF composed of hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP)-based supertetrahedral units interconnected by Fe(III) ions in a diamond topology. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) is employed as a non-contact probe to measure the frequency-resolved complex conductivity of a bulk pellet. The conductivity spectra across the terahertz range are well described by the Drude-Smith model, indicating the presence of band-like charge carriers subject to strong backscattering and hence localization. Temperature-dependent THz-TDS measurements (77-300 K) reveal a systematic increase in conductivity with temperature. Analysis of the Drude-Smith parameters shows that this trend is governed primarily by changes in carrier density, while the carrier scattering time remains nearly temperature independent, consistent with impurity scattering limiting transport. A room-temperature DC conductivity of 6.3 ×10-3 S/cm is extracted from the terahertz data and Van der Pauw electrical measurements performed on the same material. The combined observations indicate thermally activated charge transport in this 3D porous framework, while retaining signatures of band-like carrier dynamics with pronounced localization. This work provides direct insight into the microscopic charge transport processes in conductive MOFs and highlights the potential of three-dimensional frameworks for future optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications.
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