Interface Engineering for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Kai Zhu a
a Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401
Proceedings of International Conference on Hybrid and Organic Photovoltaics (HOPV26)
Uppsala, Sweden, 2026 May 18th - 20th
Organizers: Gerrit Boschloo, Ellen Moons, Feng Gao and Anders Hagfeldt
Invited Speaker Session, Kai Zhu, presentation 170
Publication date: 11th March 2026

Organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites have attracted significant R&D attention in the photovoltaic community as a competitive technology for future PV applications. The certified efficiency of single-junction perovskite solar cell has reached over 27%. During the past several years, interface engineering has become the most important strategy for pushing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. The interfaces in a PSC stack include the top and bottom junctions as well as the boundaries between perovskite grains. In this talk, I will focus on our recent strategies for improving the top surface/interface in the inverted (or p-i-n) PSCs. I will show that the conventional C60-based electron transport layer structure is not sufficient for developing a robust device structure due to the mechanical weakness associated with the C60 layer. In addition, I will show that perovskite surface treatment should also target deep level defects given the rapid advances on various defect passivation strategies from the past several years. With a new surface treatment strategy, we demonstrate high-performance perovskite solar modules with a certified record-high power conversion efficiency. These and other results will be discussed.

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