Publication date: 11th March 2026
In recent years, the A-DA′D-A acceptor architecture, represented by Y6[1], has established a fundamental molecular design framework for low energetic disorder non-fullerene acceptors and enabled rapid efficiency advances in organic solar cells (OSCs). To date, single-junction OSCs based on this class of small-molecule acceptors have achieved power conversion efficiencies exceeding 20%. Despite these achievements, device operational stability remains one of the most critical challenges.
To address this issue, A-DA′D-A type acceptors (A) were employed as modular precursors, and two A units were covalently coupled through functionalized π-bridges to construct A–π–A type quasi-macromolecular acceptors with defined molecular weights (>3.5 kDa)[2]. Systematic molecular weight enlargement modulates the thermal and morphological properties of the materials, leading to an elevated glass transition temperature, suppressed thermodynamic relaxation in blend films, and reduced voltage losses, enabling stable OSCs with efficiencies exceeding 19% without performance degradation. Furthermore, a conjugated cyclic quasi-macromolecular acceptor (RCM) with multiple D-A interactions was constructed to suppress molecular vibrations and structural disorder. Owing to its rigid cyclic topology, RCM exhibits a thermal decomposition temperature approaching 400 °C, and devices retain over 92% of their initial efficiency after heating at 80 °C for 600 h[3,4]. Collectively, this series of quasi-macromolecular acceptors establishes a coherent molecular design strategy and material platform for achieving high-efficiency and long-term stable OSCs.
