Publication date: 11th March 2026
Understanding charge‐carrier dynamics in halide perovskites is essential for optimizing their performance in next‑generation optoelectronic devices, yet their complex transport behavior (governed by energetic disorder, trap states, and illumination‑induced effects) remains challenging to quantify. In this work, we unravel the charge‑carrier dynamics of lead halide perovskites by employing an advanced space‑charge‑limited current (A-SCLC) model that extends the conventional framework to include energetic trap distributions and voltage‑dependent Fermi level shifts within the bandgap [1]. By analyzing dark and photo‑induced current–voltage characteristics, the model enables simultaneous extraction of microscopic charge‑carrier mobility, free carrier density, and trap‑mediated transport parameters without relying on oversimplified assumptions. This refined approach reveals that the conventional SCLC analysis can significantly underestimate transport parameters in perovskites, particularly under non‑equilibrium conditions induced by illumination.
Applying the A-SCLC model to methylammonium lead bromide and methylammonium lead iodide perovskites, we demonstrate markedly different charge‑transport regimes arising from material‑specific trap landscapes and Fermi level dynamics. Under illumination, both materials exhibit strong photoresponses characterized by substantial increases in microscopic mobility and free charge‑carrier concentration; however, the extent and energetic origin of trap-filling and Fermi level shifts differ significantly between the bromide and iodide systems. These findings highlight the critical role of trap energetics in governing apparent carrier transport and underscore the need for voltage‑ and energy‑dependent SCLC analysis when interpreting electrical measurements of perovskites. The advanced SCLC framework presented here provides a robust and broadly applicable tool for disentangling intrinsic charge‑carrier dynamics from extrinsic measurement artifacts, offering new insights that are directly relevant for the rational design and optimization of perovskite‑based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
This work is funded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under project no. 26-23776S and by the Brno University of Technology through the BUT EXCELENCE project.
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