Publication date: 11th March 2026
Perovskite (PVK) tandem solar cells are expected to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of existing photovoltaic technologies while reducing overall system costs. In particular, PVK/Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ (CIGS) devices are attractive for lightweight and flexible applications, with efficiencies exceeding 30% already reported. To achieve high efficiency, the PVK bandgap must be tuned to 1.65–1.75 eV, typically via bromine incorporation; however, this approach induces phase segregation and compromises device stability. Although a four-terminal architecture can mitigate this issue, it increases system complexity and cost.
To address these challenges, we fabricated a semitransparent bromine-free FAPbI₃-based PVK module and a CIGS module with adjusted cell numbers to achieve current matching over the same aperture area. The modules were electrically interconnected and vertically stacked to construct a mechanically stacked PVK/CIGS tandem module.
A two-terminal tandem device with a PCE of 23.5% was successfully demonstrated by integrating a semitransparent PVK top cell and a CIGS bottom cell, exhibiting PCEs of 18.4% and 14.6%, respectively. The device showed T80 lifetimes exceeding 4500 h under continuous one-sun illumination at 65°C. Based on Arrhenius analysis, the projected lifetime at 45°C, corresponding to the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT), exceeds 20 years.
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