Publication date: 11th May 2026
Mixed lead-tin perovskites are an important ingredient for all-perovskite tandem solar cells. However, their suitability for large-area applications is yet to be proven. For these applications, stability against oxidation and green processing are key ingredients. We show that films made with green solvents can be as efficient as by conventional processing. In addition, antisolvents that coordinate strongly to DMSO could enhance the long-term stability. Furthermore, we show that processing with annealing techniques compatible with roll-to-roll manufacturing can deliver high-quality films.
Once the films are formed, it is not obvious how lead and tin atoms arrange in the crystal. For example, in a 50:50 mixing ratio, they could arrange in a random fashion, or they could cluster, or order in perfect crystals. We use NMR, EDS, and TEM techniques to show how the atoms arrange. NMR shows that they follow a binomial distribution, and EDS shows no clear cluster formation. With TEM and STEM we directly resolve the atomic-scale ordering.
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