Publication date: 8th January 2019
Deposition of perovskite solar cell absorbers by co-evaporation offers a variety of advantages over solution based preparation such as good control over layer thicknesses, homogeneous coating of large substrates and conformal coverage of textured substrates [1]. Up to date the gas-like evaporation behavior of organic precursors such as methylammonium halides makes the rate measurement and consequently the process control difficult as volatile species might re-evaporate from chamber walls [2].
To overcome these challenge we implement an evaporation setup with a thermal management system to directly co-evaporate volatile precursors for perovskites. Through a combination of actively cooled and heated surfaces, a direct and controlled evaporation process is achieved. This way, high quality Methylammonium Lead Iodide perovskite films are obtained as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Photoluminescence spectroscopy and optical measurements. These perovskite films are implemented into p-i-n solar cells utilizing different hole transport materials (HTMs) such as PTAA, self-assembling monolayer (SAM) molecules and Spiro-TTB. Although the coarse grain morphology measured by scanning electron microscope is very comparable, the solar cell performance is strongly affected by the used HTM and stabilized efficiency over 20% are realized with the SAMs only. The herein achieved efficiency is comparable to the highest reported value for evaporated perovskite solar cells.
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