Analyzing industrial figure of merit for single-component organic solar cells

Yakun He^a^,^e^,^f, Ning Li^a^,^b, Thomas Heumüller^a^,^b, Jonas Wortmann^a, Benedict Hanisch^a, Anna Aubele^c, Sebastian Lucas^c, Guitao Feng^d, Xudong Jiang^d, Weiwei Li^d, Peter Bäuerle^c, Christoph Brabec^a^,^b

^aInstitute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

^bHelmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany

^cInstitute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm, Germany

^dBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190 P. R. China

^eKAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia., Al-Jabriah, Yanbu Arabia Saudita, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia

^fErlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany

Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics
Proceedings of Asia-Pacific International Conference on Perovskite, Organic Photovoltaics and Optoelectronics (IPEROP23)

Kobe, Japan, 2023 January 22nd - 24th

Organizers: Seigo Ito, Hideo Ohkita and Atsushi Wakamiya

Oral, Yakun He, presentation 010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.iperop.2023.010
Publication date: 21st November 2022

Thanks to the emerging non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) continue increasing towards the 20% milestone. Nevertheless, important factors for industrial application are mostly neglected, such as photostability and cost potential. Single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) employing materials with donor and acceptor moieties chemically bonded within one molecule or polymer, successfully overcome the immiscibility between donor and acceptor as well as the resultant self-aggregation under external stress [1]. To inspire a broader interest, in this work, the industrial figure of merit (i-FOM) of OSCs is calculated and analyzed, which includes PCE, photostability, and synthetic complexity (SC) index [2]. Based on the notable advantages of SCOSCs over the correspondent BHJ OSCs, especially the enhanced stability and simplified film processing, we systematically compare the i-FOM values of BHJ OSCs and the corresponding SCOSCs.

SCMs exhibit overall much higher i-FOM values compared with the BHJ OSCs, and the highest value reaches 0.3, which is even higher than the famous PM6:Y6, even though the PCE (8%) is only half of PM6:Y6. With the increase in efficiency, SCOSCs possess the further potential for a higher i-FOM value. Among all factors, the synthetic complexity of SCOSCs is slightly higher than that of the corresponding BHJ OSCs due to the extra synthetic step for connecting donor and acceptor moieties. This feature however overcomes the large-scale phase separation and stability issue for the corresponding BHJ systems [3]. SCOSCs based on dyad 1 exhibit surprisingly high photostability under concentrated light (7.5 suns and 30 suns), corresponding to almost unchanged device stability up to 10,000 hours under 1-sun illumination. For realizing industrial application, SCOSCs have to give a high efficiency comparable to the current high-efficiency BHJ OSCs, while BHJ should be developed in the direction of less complicated synthesis [4]. With joint efforts of researchers from multidiscipline, SCOSCs will see continuing progress in efficiency, reaching an i-FOM value enough for industrial application.

References:

[1] He, Y., Li, N., and Brabec, C.J. (2021). Single-component organic solar cells with competitive performance. Org. Mater. 03, 228–244.

[2] Li, N., McCulloch, I., and Brabec, C.J. (2018). Analyzing the efficiency, stability, and cost potential for fullerene-free organic photovoltaics in one figure of merit. Energy Environ. Sci. 11, 1355–1361.

[3] He, Y., Heumüller, T., Lai, W., Feng, G., Classen, A., Du, X., Liu, C., Li, W., Li, N., and Brabec, C.J. (2019). Evidencing excellent thermal- and photostability for single-component organic solar cells with inherently built-in microstructure. Adv. Energy Mater. 9, 1900409.

[4] He, Y., Li, N., Heumüller, T., Wortmann, J., Hanisch, B., Aubele, A., Lucas, S., Feng, G., Jiang, X., Li, W., Bäuerle, P., Brabec, C.J. (2022). Industrial viability of single-component organic solar cells. Joule 6, 1160-1171.

Acknowledgements:

Y. He is grateful for the financial support from China Scholarship Council (CSC) and the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT). C.J.B. gratefully acknowledges the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under the project numbers 182849149 – SFB 953, INST 90/917, and INST 90/1093-1; financial support through the “Aufbruch Bayern” initiative of the state of Bavaria (EnCN and SFF) and the Bavarian Initiative “Solar Technologies go Hybrid” (SolTech); and the grant “ELF-PV Design and development of solution processed functional materials for the next generations of PV technologies” by the Bavarian State Government (no. 44-6521a/20/4). W.L. is grateful for the support of Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ21006). N.L. acknowledges the financial support by State Key Lab of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (Skllmd-2022-03).

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