Publication date: 5th November 2025
The selective conversion of biomass-derived molecules into high-value chemicals under mild and sustainable conditions remain a challenge in the field of green chemistry and renewable energy. Among various bio-based platform compounds, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can be readily obtained from the dehydration of hexose sugars, has emerged as an intermediate to produce a variety of value-added chemicals and polymer precursors. However, achieving high selectivity and efficiency in its oxidative transformation under ambient conditions continues to be highly challenging due to the complex reaction pathways and low stability of conventional catalysts. In this study, we report a highly efficient photocatalytic system consisting of CsPbBr₃ perovskite supported in hollow spheres of titanium dioxide (TiO₂). This kind of system improves visible light absorption, efficient charge separation, and enhanced stability of the perovskite under reaction conditions. Under visible light irradiation, the hybrid catalyst enables the selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to both 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), two major platform chemicals to produce bio-derived polymers. Mechanistic studies reveal that the synergistic interaction between the CsPbBr₃ and TiO₂ facilitates the generation of reactive oxygen species and directs the oxidation pathway. This work demonstrates a powerful strategy for integrating halide perovskites into functional photocatalytic systems for sustainable biomass enhancement under visible light.
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