Publication date: 5th November 2025
Industrial adoption of perovskite photovoltaics needs processes that are robust, antisolvent free, and compatible with large areas. We present a lead acetate based ink that replaces methylammonium with ammonium to stabilize volatile intermediates and promote uniform crystallization without using an antisolvent. The films show enlarged grains and longer photoluminescence lifetimes, and devices scale from cells to mini-modules by blade coating with durable performance during thermal holding at 65 °C. [1] Building on this ink, wide bandgap absorbers near 1.66 eV are obtained by introducing a small chloride fraction into the solution, which improves crystallinity and suppresses nonradiative recombination. These devices deliver open circuit voltages around 1.22 V and power conversion efficiencies near 19 percent while preserving the simplified process and good storage stability. [2] To further reduce interfacial losses, thiocyanate assisted recrystallization in isopropanol increases precursor solubility and drives passivator uptake, while the cation identity steers whether passivation concentrates at the top surface or the buried interface. A pairing of ammonium thiocyanate with MEO-PEAI improves carrier lifetime, lowers interface recombination, and enhances thermal and light stability, giving champion efficiencies above 24 percent. Together these results outline design rules that link ink formulation to interface control and provide a practical route to scalable, efficient, and stable perovskite solar cells. [3]
This work was supported by the Australian Research Council through the Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science (CE170100026) and grants DP160104575 and LE170100235; by the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) and the Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP); and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 22075221, 52002302, 91963209, 52472248), the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2020CFB172), and the Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory (XHD2020-001). Parts of this research were carried out at the SAXS/WAXS beamline of the Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO). We also acknowledge access to the Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication (Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility), the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, and the Monash X-Ray Platform.
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