Perovskite solar cells towards commercialization: Progress and Future Prospects
Liyuan Han a
a School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,800 Dongchuan Rd, 200240, China
Keynote, Liyuan Han, presentation 016
Publication date: 5th November 2025

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as one of the most promising next-generation photovoltaic technologies, owing to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and relatively simple fabrication processes. Laboratory-scale devices have already surpassed 27% efficiency, and large-area modules have approached PCE of 20%, attracting broad interest from both academia and industry. Now, numerous companies are actively exploring commercialization pathways. Nevertheless, long-term operational stability and cost control remain the primary barriers to large-scale deployment. In this presentation, I will introduce the progress in the commercialization of PSCs with a particular focus on module manufacturing costs and levelized cost of electricity[1]. A comparison with crystalline silicon solar cells is presented to evaluate the economic potential of PSCs. Based on this analysis, key research and development are proposed from a cost perspective. Furthermore, I will introduce our researcher works on promoting the efficiency and stability of PSCs from aspects of crystallization, passivation, and ion-migration blocking. Especially, we constructed a composite electrode of copper-nickel (Cu-Ni) alloy stabilized by in situ grown bifacial graphene[2]. The device with the copper-nickel electrode showed an efficiency over  24% (1cm2) and stability: 95% of their initial efficiency is retained after 5,000 hours at maximum power point tracking under continuous 1 sun illumination.

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