Publication date: 5th November 2025
The thermal stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) remains a critical challenge for their integration into power grid applications. Incorporating additives into Spiro-OMeTAD has been shown to enhance conductivity, enabling increased thickness of the hole-transport layer (HTL), which is essential for scalable fabrication techniques such as blade coating for roll-to-roll processing. However, the sufficient thermally durable Spiro-OMeTAD with suitable additives has yet to be proposed. Here, we successfully demonstrate the thermal stable PSCs by employing novel heteroaryl additives in the Spiro-OMeTAD. These additives effectively control void formation in the HTL and minimize reactivity with the perovskite layer, significantly improving the thermal stability of PSCs at 85 °C. As a result, PSCs with 3-phenylpyridine and 2-phenylpyridine maintained 101% and 104% of their initial photoconversion efficiency after 2,400 hours of 85 °C test, respectively. As an added benefit, the improved charge extraction facilitated by the additives enhanced the photovoltaic performance, achieving a photoconversion efficiency of 25%. Also, the outdoor test shows excellent stability with continuous MPPT measurement, showing remarkable light and cycle stability. Our findings enable thermally stable, light stable, and high-performance PSCs with thick HTL (>200 nm), which is suitable for scalable blade coating. We reveal the mechanism of how the additive can improve the thermal stability of PSCs by comparing 36 novel heteroaryl derivatives and 60 additive combinations.
This article is based on results obtained from a project, Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up (23K19275) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and JPNP21016 commissioned by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO).
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