Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2023 Conference (MATSUSFall23)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.036
Publication date: 18th July 2023
Biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as a tool to build 3D cultures of cells which better resemble biological systems, while advancements in bioelectronics have enabled the modulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration.
Here, we first describe a porous conductive hydrogel with the same mechanical modulus and viscoelasticity as neural tissue. Electrical conductivity is achieved by incorporating low amounts (<0.3% weight) of carbon nanomaterials in an alginate hydrogel matrix, and then freeze-drying to self-organize into highly porous networks. The mechanical and electrical properties of the material can be carefully tuned and used to modulate the growth and differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs). With increasing hydrogel viscoelasticity and conductivity, we observe the formation of denser neurite networks and a higher degree of myelination.
To investigate the functionality of neurite networks in 3D, we begin by placing a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructure on an underlying multielectrode array (MEA). We then explore different materials and techniques to integrate hydrogels into the PDMS microstructures, such that the hydrogel can facilitate neurons to form 3D networks while still confined by the PDMS. This platform can be used to support the growth of human iPSC-derived sensory neurons, with and without a co-culture of human Schwann cells. Additionally, our platform is compatible with various methods to assess neuronal functionality (e.g. MEA electrical recordings), and can be used to understand the effect(s) of hydrogel properties on the resulting neuronal networks. Both described biomaterial systems can support the growth of neuronal cells for over 12 weeks to investigate neuronal development and disease progression. Further, we have demonstrated the use of these materials for the fabrication of implantable surface electrode arrays which can seamlessly interface with electrically active tissues such as the brain and heart.
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