Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2024 Conference (MATSUSFall24)
Publication date: 28th August 2024
Tin-based perovskites have emerged as the most promising lead-free perovskite materials due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, their crystallization process is difficult to control and prone to oxidation, leading to high defect densities in thin films, which limit the performance improvements of solar cells. While traditional SnF2 addition methods can reduce oxidation and defect density, they often cause phase separation, adversely affecting film crystallinity and charge carrier transport properties.
This study introduces a novel fluoride ion additive, NH5F2, which features a unique bi-fluoride ion and weak coordination properties, enabling non-destructive regulation over the crystallization of tin-based perovskites. NH5F2 demonstrates significant effectiveness in suppressing oxidation during perovskite growth, with volatile reaction by-products that prevent phase separation. Solar cells with different configurations were prepared by adjusting the ratios of SnF2 and NH5F2, followed by detailed comparative analysis.
The research findings indicate that NH5F2 incorporation notably enhances film crystallinity and orientation. XRD and GIWAXS analyses reveal stronger (100) crystal facet diffraction peaks in NH5F2-added films, indicative of improved crystallinity and out-of-plane orientation favorable for charge carrier transport. Spectral analysis and TRPL testing demonstrate higher photoluminescence intensity and longer carrier lifetimes.
Further insights from 119Sn nuclear magnetic resonance and density functional theory calculations show that NH5F2 weakly coordinates with Sn2+, facilitating its decomposition and release during annealing processes to prevent phase separation. Ultimately, efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells with an efficiency of 15.04% were successfully fabricated, marking one of the highest efficiencies achieved for such devices to date.
In summary, this study addresses the oxidation and phase separation issues during the crystallization of tin-based perovskite solar cells by introducing NH5F2 as a novel fluoride ion additive. This approach enables the preparation of efficient and stable tin-based perovskite solar cells, offering new directions and methodologies for future research in high-efficiency and environmentally friendly solar cell technologies.
The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92056119, 61935016, 22175118, and 22209113), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (under Grant No. 2021YFA0715502), the BL16B1, BL02U2 and BL03HB beamline of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai, China, the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20XD1402500 and 20JC1415800), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021M702187), the Double First-Class Initiative Fund of ShanghaiTech University, and Centre for High-resolution Electron Microscopy (ChEM), SPST, ShanghaiTech University, under contract no. EM02161943. A.V.E. and C.C.S. are grateful to Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Megagrant no. 075-15-2022-1112) for research support.
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