Publication date: 17th July 2025
Organic mixed ion-electron conductors (OMIECs), such as PEDOT:PSS, are key materials for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) owing to their combined ionic and electronic transport properties. The functionalization of OMIEC films is critical for enabling sensing capabilities in applications ranging from biomolecular detection to monitoring environmental stimuli such as temperature and light. In this presentation, we introduce two distinct strategies for constructing functional OECT interfaces: (1) spontaneous formation of functionalized surface ("skin") layers and (2) surface-initiated polymerization of organic and hybrid organic–inorganic materials.
The first approach utilizes phase-separated blend films of PEDOT:PSS and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high-resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM), we reveal a vertical compositional gradient with PNIPAM-rich domains emerging at the film surface, forming a functional skin layer. This architecture enables dynamic response to temperature changes without compromising electrical performance.
The second approach involves the in situ polymerization of polydopamine (PDA) on PEDOT:PSS films. We investigate the adhesion properties of PDA with various inorganic nanoparticles and enzymes, demonstrating its potential as a versatile interfacial layer for biofunctionalization. The hybrid films show promising mechanical robustness and functional stability.
These interfacial design strategies provide valuable insights into the development of multi-responsive and bio-interfaced OECTs, paving the way for future applications in neuromorphic computing, biosensing, and soft bioelectronics.
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