Publication date: 21st July 2025
The escalating global demand for energy storage systems has intensified research into sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), driven by geographical dependency and supply chain risks of lithium metal and other elements involved in LIBs. [1]
Hard carbon stands out as the most promising SIB anode material due to its disordered microstructure, characterized by curved graphene sheets and randomly distributed porosities that provide abundant sodium storage sites through adsorption, intercalation, and nanopore-filling mechanisms. [2]
Recent advances highlight bio-waste precursors, such as pine pollen, lotus root, or Wood fiber, and so on, as sustainable feedstock for hard carbon synthesis, aligning with circular economy principles and EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 sustainability mandates with its carbon footprint. [3-4]
This study systematically investigates the influence of the pre-treatment washing media on the structural and electrochemical properties of sugar beet pulp-derived hard carbon anode materials, as a sustainable feedstock for hard carbon synthesis, which is a regionally abundant agricultural byproduct in Germany. [5-6]
Precursor optimization with pre-treatment process followed by pyrolysis at 1100°C under argon, which enhanced turbostratic domain alignment, as Raman spectroscopy indicated, and closed-pore formation, confirmed by BET and SAXS analysis, leads to enhanced electrochemical performance of hard carbon anode materials. These findings offer valuable insights into the design of sustainable, high-performance anode materials for next-generation sodium-ion batteries.
Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt is acknowledged for the financial support with the project „4NiB" (03XP0572).
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