Publication date: 21st July 2025
X-ray imaging technologies play a vital role across a wide range of fields, from materials science and high-energy physics to medical diagnostics and security screening. However, conventional imaging screens are hindered by their rigidity, brittleness, and high cost, making them unsuitable for the growing demand for flexible, eco-friendly, and cost-effective imaging solutions.
In this work, we introduce a systematic study on the synthesis and fabrication of highly efficient and stable zero-dimensional (0D) Mn²⁺-activated organic–inorganic zinc halide systems. By utilizing two carefully selected organic spacers, we engineered a series of 0D luminescent systems exhibiting intense green emission, with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) reaching up to 98%. Comprehensive experimental and theoretical studies were conducted to uncover the mechanisms underlying their optical response and to examine the long-term stability of these 0D systems.
Moreover, the radioluminescence and scintillation performance of the 0D Mn²⁺-activated organic-inorganic zinc halide systems were evaluated to identify the factors influencing their efficiency. Our rational design approach led to an improved light yield of up to 31,000 photons/MeV and an ultralow detection limit of only 112 nGy/s, which is 50 times lower than the dose typically required for standard medical diagnostic procedures. To test their practicality for real-life applications, the scintillators were embedded in flexible PDMS matrices, enabling the capture of high-resolution X-ray images of various objects.
This work presents a promising path toward the development of flexible, scalable, and high-performance Mn²⁺-activated orgnic-inorganic zinc halide screens for next-generation X-ray imaging technologies.
This work was supported by King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
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