Publication date: 21st July 2025
A straightforward, solution-processable method facilitates the production of high-performance perovskite solar cells at a relatively low temperature and cost. Nevertheless, defect-induced charge traps are unavoidable in three-dimensional (3D) active-layer perovskite films, particularly at their surfaces and grain boundaries, which can affect their long-term stability. A comprehensive understanding of the fundamental characteristics of 3D perovskite films and their interfaces is essential for their effective fabrication and device engineering. In this talk, we examine strategies to mitigate defects by transforming defective surfaces, such as residual non-active phases δ-FAPbI3 and PbI2, into low-dimensional perovskite (LDP) structures. The incorporation of LDP into both interfaces of 3D perovskite films is anticipated to reduce non-radiative interface recombination and enhance their formation energy. For instance, large alkyl-amine ligands from an LDP layer can passivate a 3D perovskite film through field-effect passivation and robust chemical bonding. Nonetheless, the development of a pure-phase homogeneous LDP capping layer with an adjusted crystal orientation remains challenging. To address these challenges, we successfully demonstrated that by designing the ligand chemistry and optimizing the fabrication engineering of LDP, it is possible to achieve the desired high-quality LDP capping layers with high phase purity, good orientation, and full coverage. This approach also considers how our findings can improve the long-term stability of devices using scaled-up technologies. Ultimately, we expect that our methods will contribute to meeting the industrial stability criteria for photovoltaic modules, considering industrial aspects.
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