Publication date: 21st July 2025
The identification of novel physiological biomarkers in sweat requires real-time sampling and analysis. Wearable microfluidic devices have emerged to address this need, utilizing soft, flexible, and hypoallergenic materials like PDMS and polyurethane to facilitate sample handling in sweat-sensing patches. However, the inherent limitations of sweat—namely low sample volumes easily subject to contamination and evaporation—pose current obstaclesfor for its adoption in remote health monitoring. I will present our latest work on the microfabrication of epidermal microfluidics within textiles via stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing [1]. Flexible SLA resin defines impermeable fluid-guiding microstructures in textile microfluidic modules. Their vertical stacking reduces device footprint and required sample volume, and facilitates on-body fluid collection, storage, and transport. Embedded internal modules act as a reservoir and injection valve, releasing a defined volume of sweat to the sensing unit. The pressure gradient across the modules provides a vertically distributed, capillary-driven sweat flow, guided by the wicking power of the textile structure. Their full integration into apparels offers non-cumulative flow through an extended air-liquid interface, ensuring continuous sweat transfer and evaporation. For real-time sweat analysis, we use a remotely screen-printed potassium (K+) ion detector based on organic electrocemical transistors. Its combination with ion-selective membranes offers a robust system when tested with more complex artificial sweat solutions by eliminating the need for a pseudo-reference electrode. The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity, which are key for monitoring dehydration, electrolyte balance, and cardiovascular health. This modular approach provides fabric-integrated, mechanically ergonomic microfluidics with multi-parameter detection through rapid additive manufacturing for advanced point-of-care diagnostics.
Part of this work was performed with the support of ID Fab at the Campu Aix-Marseille provence, Centre Microélectronique de Provence (Project funded by the European Regional Development Fund, the French state and local authorities). This work was supported by the French National Research Agency through the ANR JCJC OrgTex Project (No. ANR-17-CE19–0010) and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 813863.
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