Publication date: 21st July 2025
Exciton-polaritons are solid-state quasi-particles presenting properties lying in between light and matter such as non-linear interactions (from the excitonic Coulomb repulsion), fast propagation (arising from the photonic component). The interest of polaritons1 spans from the fundamentals of correlated light-matter interaction to emergent applications such as ultra-thin lasers, optical amplifiers, logic gates and even emulators of lattice-like Hamiltonians.
We implement a monolithic microcavity composed of two mirrors, a bottom distributed Bragg reflector made of 10 alternating SiO2 and TiO2 layer pairs, and a top silver mirror of ~20 nm thickness. Between them, we deposit 2D layered phenethylammonium (PEA2PbI4) perovskites of ~100 nm thickness. As a cavity spacer, we use PMMA polymer, whose thickness is controllably tuned to bring the photonic and excitonic modes in energy resonance. The vertical design of the planar microcavity system is guided by transfer matrix method simulations. We measure the dispersion relation of polaritons under white light (left-hand side of Fig. 1 panels) and weak, non-resonant driving for three exciton-photon energy detunings (right-hand side of Fig. 1 panels) resulting from the different PMMA thicknesses.
Interestingly, under circularly polarized, non-resonant (3.06 eV) CW laser driving, the lower polariton branch emission follows the circular pump polarization. Under the same excitation conditions, the exciton does not exhibit a circular degree of polarization, due to the slower decay of bare excitons, as opposed to exciton-polaritons. Finally, photostability experiments for long exposure excitation time scales (min) also reveal that the polariton emission is more resilient than bare excitons, indicating that strong coupling serves as a protection for excitons2.
Ferry Prins and Carlos Antón-Solanas for their expertise and advice in this project. Jorge Cuadra Véliz and Rúl Gago for their help in material synthesis and Elena Sendarrubias Arias-Camisón for her help during the measurements. Without them, this abstract would be far from possible.
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