Low-Temperature Processing of Co-Evaporated CsPbI2Br for High-Efficiency, Wide-Bandgap Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Elham Ghavidel a, Yassine Raoui a, Oscar JoverArrate b, Giuseppe Ammirati b, Francesca Zarotti a, Erica Magliano a, Francesco Di Giacomo c, Marco Di Giovannantonio b, Daniele Catone b, Paolo Mariani a, Aldo Di Carlo a b
a CHOSE (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy) Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
b Istituto di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM) National Research Council, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Rome, Italy.
c SOLERTIX – via Eusebio Chini 15, Rome 00147, Italy
Proceedings of MATSUS Fall 2025 Conference (MATSUSFall25)
A5 Advances in Vacuum and Hybrid Deposition of Halide Perovskite - #PeroVac
València, Spain, 2025 October 20th - 24th
Organizers: Annalisa Bruno, Monica Morales Masis and Kassio Zanoni
Oral, Elham Ghavidel, presentation 205
Publication date: 21st July 2025

Cesium lead mixed halide (CsPbI2Br) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional thermal stability and optimal 1.9 eV wide-bandgap, ideal for perovskite/perovskite tandem applications. However, achieving high-performance films under low-temperature processing remains a critical challenge. While previous studies on thermally evaporated CsPbI2Br have relied on either high post-annealing temperatures (>260 °C) [1, 2] or complex multi-source deposition setups [3] to achieve desirable film morphology, we demonstrate that applying 100 °C of substrate heating during co-evaporation, combined with a mild 150 °C post-annealing step, enables the formation of stoichiometrically balanced films with enhanced crystallinity and optimized morphology. Using phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) for surface passivation further suppresses non-radiative recombination, improving film quality and device performance. The resulting inverted (p–i–n) perovskite solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.21%, alongside excellent operational stability—retaining 80% of their initial efficiency after 450 hours under continuous 1-sun illumination. This work establishes a new benchmark for vacuum-deposited CsPbI2Br PSCs and underscores the potential of this low-temperature, co-evaporation-based strategy for integration into tandem and flexible photovoltaic applications.

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