Publication date: 21st July 2025
Cesium lead mixed halide (CsPbI2Br) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant interest due to their exceptional thermal stability and optimal 1.9 eV wide-bandgap, ideal for perovskite/perovskite tandem applications. However, achieving high-performance films under low-temperature processing remains a critical challenge. While previous studies on thermally evaporated CsPbI2Br have relied on either high post-annealing temperatures (>260 °C) [1, 2] or complex multi-source deposition setups [3] to achieve desirable film morphology, we demonstrate that applying 100 °C of substrate heating during co-evaporation, combined with a mild 150 °C post-annealing step, enables the formation of stoichiometrically balanced films with enhanced crystallinity and optimized morphology. Using phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl) for surface passivation further suppresses non-radiative recombination, improving film quality and device performance. The resulting inverted (p–i–n) perovskite solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.21%, alongside excellent operational stability—retaining 80% of their initial efficiency after 450 hours under continuous 1-sun illumination. This work establishes a new benchmark for vacuum-deposited CsPbI2Br PSCs and underscores the potential of this low-temperature, co-evaporation-based strategy for integration into tandem and flexible photovoltaic applications.