Publication date: 17th July 2025
The extraction of photogenerated charge carriers and the creation of a photovoltage are essential functions of any solar cell. These processes do not occur instantaneously but have specific time constants, such as one associated with the increase of the externally measured open circuit voltage after a brief light pulse and another related to its decrease. In this presentation, I will introduce a method for analyzing transient photovoltage measurements at various bias light intensities by combining the rise and decay times of the photovoltage. I will demonstrate how to distinguish between recombination and extraction using transient photovoltage measurements, along with an analysis approach based on determining the eigenvalues of a 2 × 2 matrix. The model yields two time constants (the inverse eigenvalues), one for the voltage rise and one for its decay after the pulse. These time constants can be experimentally measured as a function of light intensity. By comparing the model with experimental data, I can derive a time constant for recombination and another for charge extraction, with the ratio of these time constants directly correlating with solar cell efficiency.1 This general approach is applicable in situations where the Fermi level splitting within the solar cell absorber can be approximated by a single value, and its depth dependence can be ignored. In such cases, it can be applied not only to transient photovoltage but to any small signal optoelectronic technique in the time or frequency domain.2
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