Publication date: 21st July 2025
For highest efficiency potential and compatibility with industrial silicon surface texture, our work focusses on the fabrication of perovskite top solar cells that conformally coat µm-sized random pyramid silicon texture. For that purpose, the hybrid co-evaporation/ wet chemical route is applied to ensure controlled perovskite thin film formation over these relatively large silicon pyramids. Similarly, suitable deposition methods for selective contacts are chosen. Resulting perovskite interfaces to the hole and electron selective contacts are studied in detail and suitable passivation schemes are proposed. Supported by opto-electronic simulation and device characterization, we gain insights to the underlying working mechanisms and find that the large improvement in VOC and FF of the applied passivation approach at the perovskite/C60 interface is driven by a field-effect reducing interfacial recombination and increasing electron concentration within the perovskite bulk which enhances conductivity. Based on these findings, we were able to yield high open circuit voltage, closing the gap to one-step wet chemically processed tandem devices, and reach a certified power conversion efficiency of 31.6% for fully-textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.
* This work was co-funded by the Fraunhofer Society within the LIGHTHOUSE PROJECT MaNiTU, by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action under contract numbers 03EE1086A (PrEsto), 03EE1189 (LiverPool), and 03EE1222A (HyPer), as well as by the European Union within the CETPartnership program (HyPer). The authors would like to thank F. Schätzle, J. Myers, K. Zimmermann, F. Martin, and J. Zielonka for their technical support related to lab infrastructure, bottom solar cell depositions, and characterization infrastructure. * Thank you very much in advance. Kind regards, Patricia Schulze