Publication date: 21st July 2025
With the growing interest in environmentally friendly alternatives to lead-based perovskite solar cells, Cu₂AgBiI₆ (CABI) has emerged as a promising lead-free candidate. CABI offers advantages such as high stability in ambient conditions, a strong absorption coefficient, a direct bandgap, and a wide bandgap of around 2.0 eV, making it particularly suitable for indoor photovoltaic applications. However, as a relatively new material, there remains room for optimization. Strategies such as halide substitution, composition tuning, surface passivation, and crystallization control have shown promise in enhancing its performance.
One effective strategy explored in this work is halide engineering through the incorporation of chloride ions (Cl⁻) into the CABI structure. This modification led to a significant enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), showing approximately a 20% improvement under 1-sun illumination, increasing from 0.94% to 1.18%. Under indoor lighting (LED, 1000 lux, 6500K), the Cl⁻-modified devices achieved over 2% PCE. Additionally, these devices maintained higher open-circuit voltages under low-light conditions, suggesting reduced recombination losses.
Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of halide engineering to significantly improve the photovoltaic performance of CABI-based devices. The incorporation of Cl⁻ not only enhanced overall efficiency but also contributed to better film quality and reduced non-radiative recombination, as evidenced by the higher open-circuit voltages under indoor lighting. These results highlight the effectiveness of relatively simple chemical modifications in advancing lead-free perovskite-inspired materials. Given the improved performance under low-light conditions, CABI-Cl devices show strong promise for practical indoor energy harvesting applications. These outcomes also provide a foundation for further studies combining halide engineering with other optimization approaches to continue unlocking the potential of CABI for sustainable photovoltaic technologies.
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