Publication date: 21st July 2025
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly gained prominence in the field of photovoltaics due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and ease of fabrication. In less than a decade, these devices have evolved from modest efficiencies of 3.8% to rivalling state-of-the-art silicon-based cells at 27.0%, positioning them as a leading candidate for next generation solar energy technologies. As performance gains begin to plateau near the thermodynamics efficiency threshold, the need to innovative light management techniques becomes increasingly critical to achieve further improvements. To overcome the optical losses, nanoscale surface structuring has emerges as a promising strategy to increase photo harvesting. However, traditional approaches often involve intricate, multi-step processes that can damage the perovskite material and hinder large-scale production. [1][2]
This work presents a novel solution based on femtosecond laser technology for surface nanopatterning of metal halide perovskite (MHP) films. The technique explores the formation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) which is a rapid, single-step, and scalable solution compatible with industrial fabrication [3]. These periodic line structures, with tuneable periods, could significantly enhance light trapping and absorption within the perovskite thin film. We report the successful fabrication of LIPSS with periodicities around 300 nm in CsPbI3 thin films. Detailed optical, electronic and structural characterization reveals enhanced properties, including increased photoluminescence intensity, longer carrier lifetimes, and improved stability of the black phase compared to pristine surface.
These findings highlight a powerful route toward integrating nanostructures into PSCs to improve light absorption and reduce losses. The proposed laser-based technique holds strong potential for boosting efficiency while meeting the demands of scalable, low-cost solar cell manufacturing.
RA acknowledges the funding from a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral grant (No 101149132) and the financial support from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO) through the Medium-Scale Research Infrastructure project FemtoFac (I001120N).
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