Publication date: 21st July 2025
The highly sought after optoelectronic properties of metal halide perovskites and their straightforward solution-processability offers a promising way ahead to realizing high-performance devices through additive approaches like printing.[1,2] The composition of inks used in printing plays a vital role in functional thin film formation which is critical for optical conversion and electrical transport in devices. However, understanding and controlling crystallization of perovskite layers from printed wet films on substrates for device applications remains largely elusive. In this study, the influence of graphene nanosheets on the crystallization dynamics of inkjet-printed methyl ammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) thin films is presented and leveraged for device application in photodetection.
The centers of heterogeneous nucleation could be ascribed to graphene nanosheets, resulting in highly textured films while retaining optical properties such as the absorption and emission features of the MAPbBr3. Stark differences in morphology ranging from poorly connected island films to dendritic networks were observed through a variety of microscopic techniques and correlated to the crystalline orientation from x-ray diffraction studies. Additionally, a correlation with time resolved photoluminescence exhibited an interesting evolution in the decay profile that could be linked to the crystallinity of the films, as well as with electrical measurements. To profit from the control on crystallinity to the electro-optical characteristics of these films, printed photodetectors were investigated and found to exhibit strong selective photoresponse above 2.3 eV without the use of external filtering. Benefitting from the influence of graphene on the optoelectronic properties of the films, devices with responsivities of 2 A W-1 and detectivities of nearly 1.9×1010 Jones were obtained. Similarly, flexible devices were also fabricated on polymer substrates and found to have good retention of photoresponse to cyclical mechanical stress. These findings point to the crucial role of tuning ink composition with nano-additives such as graphene, its impact on film formation, and implication in the optoelectronic performance of printed devices.