Publication date: 17th July 2025
Halide perovskite solar cells combine record‐high power conversion efficiencies with low‐cost, solution‐based processing. and have rapidly emerged as a leading candidate in next-generation photovoltaics also in combination with silicon photovotlaics. However, their commercial viability remains challenged by environmental and stability concerns. In this work, we present a comprehensive approach to the sustainable development of halide perovskite photovoltaics through environmentally conscious materials and processes on both glass and flexible sustrates. Key strategies include the use of green solvents for perovskite film deposition, enabling safer and more scalable fabrication routes. We demonstrate the fabrication of fully flexible perovskite solar cells under ambient air conditions using low-toxicity, eco-friendly solvents via scalable printing technologies. Additionally, we replace conventional noble metal electrodes with carbon-based back contacts, offering a cost-effective and sustainable alternative with good conductivity and stability, showcasing potential for full roll-to-roll production. Finally, we address the critical issue of lead toxicity by partially substituting lead with tin in mixed Pb-Sn perovskite compositions, achieving reduced environmental impact while maintaining promising photovoltaic properties as single junction as well as in perovskite/perovkite tandem. Together, these innovations mark significant progress toward greener, safer, and more sustainable perovskite solar technologies suitable for widespread deployment.
We acknowledge the support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 101122283 (PEARL) and for the Lead-reduction activity the grant agreement no. 101122327 (SMARTLINE-PV).
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