Publication date: 21st July 2025
Understanding processes at the nanoscale is essential for the development of next-generation materials. However, conventional techniques often lack the spatial and temporal resolution to probe dynamic changes in individual nanostructures. Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy overcomes this limitation by enabling label-free optical detection of nanoscale processes with high sensitivity and millisecond time resolution [1, 2]. Its versatility makes it well suited for studying dynamic phenomena across a wide range of material systems at ambient conditions, offering insight into structural, optical, and electrochemical behavior at the single-particle level.
Our work leverages iSCAT to track nanoscale transformations in real time across chemically, optically, and electrochemically active systems. Despite the diversity of materials, the unifying goal is to understand how individual nanostructures evolve and function during key processes relevant to material performance.
We have applied iSCAT across a diverse set of materials challenges to uncover dynamic behavior in real time. In the context of chemical synthesis, iSCAT enables direct visualization of the nucleation and growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) [3], revealing kinetic features that can guide more controlled synthesis. For optoelectronic nanomaterials, combining iSCAT with photoluminescence imaging allows in situ characterization of individual perovskite nanocubes, yielding correlative measurements of both size and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) for hundreds of particles. This high-throughput single-particle approach reveals structure–property trends relevant for improving device performance.
To explore electrochemical processes, iSCAT has been coupled with an electrochemical cell to achieve real-time visualization of ion intercalation and structural evolution in individual flakes of MXenes—two-dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides relevant for energy storage applications [4]. These measurements reveal early-stage morphological restructuring that precedes and strongly influences the intercalation behavior. Such nanoscale insights provide a mechanistic understanding of how structural changes govern electrochemical performance and contribute to long-term material degradation and instability.
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