Publication date: 21st July 2025
Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are bioelectrochemical systems that are able to oxidize the organic part of wastewater sources to a certain degree while providing electricity from the aforementioned reaction. One major obstacle that must be addressed is the use of non-environmentally friendly polymer-based membranes in MFCs, which is one of the main reasons why these green systems have not yet achieved widespread adoption. Ionogels might offer a sustainable solution to overcome this challenge, because it can be made by using carbohydrates. Cellulose-based ionogels can be made by mixing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with an ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl), which is capable of dissolving cellulose at elevated temperature (110 °C). Following heat treatment, a colloidal cellulose solution (sol) is formed. When the aforementioned sol is immersed in distilled water for 2 hours, the sol-gel transformation occurs and ionogel is made. The as-prepared ionogel is applicable in MFCs [1], but its weak mechanical properties make its use problematic. To enhance the physical properties of the ionogel, various amounts of activated carbon (1%, 50%, 100% relative to the weight of MCC) were added to the mixture. These modified ionogels exhibit improved flexibility and strength, while chemical properties varied based on carbon content.
This work was supported by National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKKP-STARTING 150013) and
the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH) of Hungary under project number 2023-1.2.1-ERA_NET-2023-00012.
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