Publication date: 21st July 2025
Nowadays, proper waste management remains a major challenge due to the increasing amount of waste. A significant part of the waste consists of organic materials, the biological treatment of which is receiving increasing attention. Acidogenic fermentation is a promising application in which value-added materials, volatile fatty acids [VFAs] (e.g. acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid), are formed from the organic fraction. VFAs can be used among the basic chemical building blocks widely used in industries like plastic synthesis, food and dietary supplement ingredients. Based on previous tests, conventional (CF) and electro-fermentation (EF) were investigated with higher volume (2.3 L). Experiments were tested utilizing two types of organic waste (plant-based kitchen waste [type 1] and food waste [type 2]) with the organic load (OL) of 30 g(VS of waste)L-1. The modified Gompertz model was used to evaluate VFA production kinetics during a week, and the daily concentration was measured with GC-FID. The Gompertz model shows the type 2 OL had significantly higher maximum product rate and product potential compared to the type 1. The final VFA yield appeared to be different from the case of the smaller reactor. In this case, the CF had higher VFA yield, 1.01 gVFA from the plant-based OL and 1.37 gVFA from the meat contained OL, while with the EF the VFA yield was 0.94 gVFA with the plant based and 0.77 with type 1. As a result of the electro-fermentation significantly higher amounts of hexanoic acid were produced (4.3gL-1 with type 1 and 10.5 gL-1 with type 2), while with the CF the acid concentration was barely noticeable (0 gL-1 with type 1 and 1 gL-1 with type 2). It seems the EF promotes the chain-elongation activity, but further experiments are required for a better understanding of the mechanisms.
Project no. RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00009, titled National Laboratory for Renewable Energy has been implemented with the support provided by the Recovery and Resilience Facility of the European Union within the framework of Programme Széchenyi Plan Plus.
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