Publication date: 21st July 2025
In this study, we report a reduced-graphene-oxide/triple-cation perovskite (PerGO) hybrid electrode for high-voltage symmetric supercapacitors. Structural and surface analyses (XRD, XPS, Raman, SEM) reveal that rGO establishes an electronic percolation network, suppresses metallic Pb⁰ signatures, and promotes a porous microstructure that enhances mixed ion–electron transport [1]. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms markedly reduced bulk and charge-transfer resistances, consistent with faster interfacial kinetics [2].
The capacitance enhancement is confirmed solely by cyclic voltammetry (CV). At 50 mV s⁻¹, PerGO exhibits a ~13.6-fold higher CV-derived specific capacitance compared to pristine perovskite and ~4.3-fold higher than rGO-only controls. This clearly demonstrates a strong synergy between rGO’s electric-double-layer storage and surface-confined redox processes within the perovskite. Furthermore, the CV profiles evolve toward enlarged, quasi-rectangular loops with minimal distortion across scan rates, indicating rapid ion diffusion and high reversibility over the accessible potential range [3].
The symmetric device operates stably within a wide ±1.3 V window (2.6 V total). Ragone analysis shows an energy density of 153 Wh kg⁻¹ at 622.5 W kg⁻¹, highlighting a balanced energy–power profile. Capacitance retention remains at ~51.5% after 1000 cycles at 4 A g⁻¹ under ambient conditions.
Overall, the electronically percolated PerGO architecture enables large, CV-verified gains in specific capacitance and supports stable, high-voltage operation. These results position PerGO as a promising and scalable platform for next-generation supercapacitors that successfully bridge the energy–power gap without compromising stability [4].
We thank the Presidency of Turkish Republic Department of Strategy and Budget (Grant No: 16DPT002) for their contributions to the infrastructure studies for devices production and characterization.
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