Publication date: 21st July 2025
Sb2(S,Se)3 has attracted increasing attention as a photovoltaic absorber due to its high absorption coefficient, excellent stability and Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS)-compliant composition. However, current high-efficiency Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells are typically opaque and mono-facial configurations, creating a technological gap to their tandem application with silicon solar cells. Here, we demonstrate a single-junction bifacial and semitransparent Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cell, achieved by employing an indium tin oxide (ITO) back electrode capping the MnS hole-transporting layer (HTL). The ultrathin and fully depleted absorber layer, fabricated by the hydrothermal method, allows carriers to drift towards the respective functional layers, thereby greatly increasing the bipolar transport and bifacial absorption. Under AM1.5 illumination, the device achieves PCEs of 7.41% (front) and 6.36% (rear), indicating an impressive bifaciality of 0.86. This architecture exhibits high transmittance in the long-wavelength region, enabling the integration of Sb2(S,Se)3 as the top cell in a tandem solar cell. A preliminary Sb2(S,Se)3/Si tandem solar cell achieves a PCE of 11.66%. Subsequently, we further optimized the Sb2(S,Se)3 absorber layer by introducing an appropriate additive into the precursor solution. This strategy promotes more favourable band alignment and suppresses the formation of deep-level point defects, thereby significantly improving the material quality and device performance. In parallel, the relationship among transparency, bandgap and efficiency is systematically investigated to further enhance the performance of Sb2(S,Se)3/Si tandem device. These exciting findings imply that bifacial and semitransparent Sb2(S,Se)3 solar cells possess tremendous potential in tandem and practical applications.
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