Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.379
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The nanoscale structure and chemistry of materials and interfaces largely govern the performance of (solid‑state) batteries.[1] Thin film solid-state batteries (TFSSB) have well-defined geometry (parallel layers of known thickness and area) and compact size, making them ideal model systems for studying material and interface properties.[2,3] The thin-film architecture allows for relatively easy investigations of (buried) interfaces and materials that would be challenging to measure in bulk cells that have multi-phase components with often random structure. Here, I will show recent highlights from our work on transition metal fluoride conversion cathodes (TM = Fe, Cr, etc.) for TFSSBs. I will focus on scanning transmission electron microscopy investigations into the nanostructure-performance relationship and its evolution during cycling. Briefly, the performance of TM fluoride cathodes is dependent not only on the choice of the transition metal but also on its nanostructure and mixing of the constituent phases. For example, in Fe-LiF cathodes, we observe electrochemical activation, wherein the particle size of the cathode coarsens and the elemental distribution changes during cycling which is associated with a gradual increase in discharge capacities. I will also talk about the challenges associated with this approach in terms of sample preparation and handling. This work uses the TFSSB system as a model to study fundamental mechanisms and electrochemistry that will ultimately improve bulk conversion cathodes based on transition metal fluorides.
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