Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.388
Publication date: 16th December 2024
The electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to fuels and chemicals, powered by renewable electricity, presents a compelling avenue for reducing CO2 emissions while facilitating large-scale and long-term renewable energy storage. Over the past decade, there have been promising steps in the production of fuels and chemicals (e.g., methane, ethylene, and ethanol) through electrochemical CO2 conversion. Specifically, advancements in catalyst and system designs have enabled high selectivity for methane and ethylene (>70%) at high current densities (100 – 1000 mA/cm2).
While high selectivity at high current densities has been achieved, the stability of electrochemical hydrocarbon production remains insufficient for practical applications. Copper (Cu)-based materials are the most efficient catalysts for hydrocarbon production, but they experience morphological, structural, and chemical transformations under CO2 reduction conditions, leading to changes in product selectivity.
In this study, we introduce the concept of reversible catalysts for CO2 conversion to methane. This approach leverages the dynamic behavior of copper catalysts during CO2 reduction. Using this method, we achieved CO2-to-methane conversion at a current density of 200 mA/cm², with a methane Faradaic efficiency exceeding 50% sustained over 1,000 hours of operation.
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