Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.631
Publication date: 16th December 2024
As a carbon-free energy source and courier, ammonia (NH3) plays an irreplaceable role in agriculture, medicine, and future renewable energy technologies [1,2]. Traditionally, industrial production of NH3 relies on the energy-intensive and large CO2 emission Haber-Bosch process, whereby nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) are the precursor materials [3]. As a result, a wide-spread of alternative sources and mechanisms, other than the use of N2 for the synthesis of NH3, have recently been explored. Amongst the various routes, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3-RR) has received extensive attention due to its efficient synthesis of NH3 under mild conditions. While taking into consideration NO3-RR as a conducive and energy efficient route for synthesizing NH3, identification of non-precious metals and high-efficiency electrocatalysts remains the major challenge towards commercial practicality of NO3-RR and its sister mechanisms. As an emerging member of the two-dimensional materials family, MXenes have received increasing attention for electrochemical energy conversion because of their superior metallic conductivity, large specific surface area, hydrophilicity, and controllable surface functional groups [4,5], thereby possessing great application potential for NO3-RR. Herein, we report the potential application of molybdenum-based Mxene (Mo2TiC2Tx) materials in the field of NO3-RR. At low applied potential of -0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte containing KNO3, Mo2TiC2Tx exhibited excellent NO3 reduction performance with high Faradaic Efficiency (FE) of ~18.3%, good selectivity for NO3-reduction to N2 (~87.9%), good hinderance to parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), along with displaying outstanding NH3 yield rate of 176.1 µg.h-1.mgcat-1. The high activity of the Mo2TiC2Tx MXenes was attributed to the abundant surface defects at low coordinated Mo and/or Ti sites, as well as the electrical conductivity and large surface area of the MXenes [4,5]. In general, this study provides a practical pathway into tailoring nanoengineered materials for their potential application in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
The project is financially supported by the European Structural and Investment Funds, OP RDE-funded project “CHEMFELLS V” (No. CZ.02.1.01/00/20_010/0003004), as well as by the ERC-CZ program (project LL2101) from the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (MEYS). The authors also acknowledge the assistance provided by the Advanced Multiscale Materials for Key Enabling Technologies project,supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports of the Czech Republic. Project No. CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004558, co-funded by the European Union.
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