Ion Transport Dynamics in Single MXene Nanoparticles Revealed by Interferometric Scattering Microscopy

Mohsen Beladi Mousavi^a, Franz Gröbmeyer^a, Christoph Gruber^a, Kyle Matthews^b, Kateryna Shevchuk^b, Alex Inman^b, John Wang^b, Yury Gogotsi^b, Emiliano Cortes^a

^aLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Faculty of physics, Königinstraße 10, 80539 Munich, Germany

^bA.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States

Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)

Nano Exploration of MXenes 2025 - #NEMX25

Sevilla, Spain, 2025 March 3rd - 7th

Organizers: Michelle Browne, Rui Gusmão and Bahareh Khezri

Oral, Mohsen Beladi Mousavi, presentation 658
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsusspring.2025.658
Publication date: 16th December 2024

MXene, a novel class of two-dimensional materials, holds immense potential for revolutionizing energy storage systems due to its exceptional electrical conductivity, large surface area, and ability to accommodate various ions, thereby enhancing the performance of batteries and supercapacitors. [1-2]

In this pioneering study, state-of-the-art operando microscopy – interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT) – is employed to reveal the intricacies of ion diffusion within MXene nanostructures at the single-nanoparticle level (Fig. 1). iSCAT has already provided unique insights in various fields, from quantitative mass imaging of single macromolecules in biology [3-4] to elucidating ultrafast mechanisms in materials synthesis, such as the early-stage formation of covalent organic frameworks.[5] This research delivers an in-depth analysis of ion transport and charge transfer dynamics within 2D MXene structures, influenced by factors such as sheet size and thickness. The use of non-invasive operando microscopy for real-time tracking has provided critical insights into how these variables affect ion mobility within MXene frameworks. Notably, the study identifies how ion diffusion contributes to power density at the nanoparticle level, offering precise measurements of charge transport boundaries in MXene films.

These breakthroughs are crucial for advancing energy storage technologies, offering deeper insights into ultrafast nanoscale processes and the impact of nanoparticle heterogeneity on device performance at a larger scale.

Acknowledgements:

Fig. 1. Progressive stages of ion diffusion in a single MXene nanoparticle observed under operando conditions, depicted in a sequence from left to right.

[1] A. Vahidmohammadi et al., Science, 372, eabf1581 (2021).
[2] X. Li, et al.,, Nature Reviews Chemistry, 6, 389–404 (2022).
[3] G. Young et al., Science, 360 (6387), 423–427 (2018).
[4] M. Dahmardeh et al., Nature Methods, 20, 442–447 (2023).
[5] C. Gruber et al., Nature, 630, 872–877 (2024).

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