Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2025 Conference (MATSUSSpring25)
Publication date: 16th December 2024
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications owing to desirable attributes such as high photoluminescence quantum yield, tunable absorption/emission, and color purity. Additionally, when paired with solution-based methods like inkjet printing, a significant potential for high-resolution, mask-free patterning and scalable, feasible production of devices emerges. However, their widespread use has been constrained by issues pertaining to toxicity of Pb, device stability and efficiencies, as well as the need for formulation of protocols for printable devices. This work presents an investigation into obtaining fully inkjet-printed LEDs by employing a Pb-free Sn-based perovskite as the emissive layer.
Through the selection of materials favoring an appropriate energetic alignment, a heterojunction stack consisting of charge injection layers along with the emissive perovskite layer was designed. The printing parameters were optimised for obtaining compact films of PEDOT:PSS, NiO and SnO2 nanoparticles as charge injectors. The emissive phenylethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2SnI4) 2D perovskite layer sandwiched between them is formed using a printable precursor ink which crystallizes on the substrate. The printed perovskite was characterized with various techniques including x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and found to exhibit the desired structural properties, film morphologies, and characteristic red emission. These attributes were correlated to the electro-optical performance of the devices as LEDs and suggest improved quantum efficiencies and stability as a result of this design. The proposed protocol and selection of materials addresses aspects such as material wastage, process scalability, and the ability for precision patterning with inkjet technology as compared to alternative routes for designing LEDs.
The versatility of this approach for obtaining optoelectronic grade Pb-free perovskite showcased in combination with other solution-processable materials represents a significant step towards sustainable device fabrication strategies.
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