Publication date: 15th December 2025
Thanks to their cost-effective and energy-efficient growth, colloidal nanocrystals have garnered significant interest for the design of infrared sensors. However, this technology faces a tradeoff: while thick films are desirable for absorbing light, charge collection is limited to short distances. To overcome this bottleneck, light resonators can be introduced. These resonators focus light onto a semiconductor slab with a thickness compatible with the material's diffusion length. Here, I will present various examples that have achieved near-unity absorption [1-3].
The benefits of light resonators, however, extend beyond increased absorption. I will also demonstrate how photonic structures can transform nanocrystals into a platform for active photonics [4-6], a field traditionally driven by phase-change materials and MEMS. Specifically, I will highlight the two key ingredients that enable bias-tunable spectra: inhomogeneous absorption and a bias-dependent diffusion coefficient. The latter is an inherent property of disordered solids, where transport occurs via hopping. Interestingly, while hopping is often perceived as a limitation due to low mobility values, it can also be an opportunity to enable novel optoelectronic functionalities [7].
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