Publication date: 15th December 2025
The development of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) is often hampered by the trade-off between high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability, leaving numerous high-performance but unstable material systems underutilized. To address this, we established an innovative high-throughput experimental platform, integrating a FLEX automated liquid dispensing system and an automated blade-coating device, enabling rapid and precise screening of multicomponent blends. Leveraging this platform, we implemented a "waste-to-treasure" strategy to revitalize two thermally unstable but efficient systems, MPhS-C2:BTP-eC9 and T27:Y6. By systematically exploring 252 distinct quaternary compositions, we identified an optimal formulation that achieves a champion PCE of 18.38%—ranking among the highest for ASM-OSCs. Crucially, this optimized quaternary blend exhibits exceptional thermal stability, retaining over 90% of its initial PCE after 1000 hours at 120 °C, far surpassing its binary counterparts. Mechanistic studies reveal that the selected blend facilitates a "dispersed crystallization" mechanism, leading to higher nucleation density and a reduced crystallization driving force, which effectively suppresses detrimental phase separation. This work not only delivers a high-performance, thermally stable ASM-OSC but also showcases the power of automated high-throughput screening as a transformative tool for unlocking the latent potential of existing material libraries.
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Grant No. 22279094, No. 223B2904 and No. 22409149), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2024AFB068), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. This work was supported by the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices (South China University of Technology, 2024-skllmd-23). We thank the Core Facility of Wuhan University for the AFM measurements.
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