Publication date: 15th December 2025
Surface terminations are a defining feature of MXenes, crucially governing their structural stability, electronic configuration, and interfacial chemistry. [1-2] By capping the exposed metal atoms, these terminations modulate the band structure, conductivity, superconducting behavior, and electrochemical activity of MXenes, providing a powerful handle for property tailoring. However, most reported MXenes remain limited to a narrow range of simple, monoatomic terminations (e.g., O, F, or Cl), leaving vast opportunities for innovation in surface chemistry.
In this presentation, I will highlight our recent advances in termination engineering to expand the chemical diversity and functional landscape of MXenes. We developed a flux-assisted eutectic molten etching strategy to introduce ordered triatomic-layer borate (OBO) terminations, achieving significant enhancements in charge carrier mobility and conductivity. [3] Furthermore, a gas–liquid–solid triphasic etching route was established to synthesize MXenes with highly pure and compositionally tunable halogen terminations (Cl, Br, I, and mixed types). [4] We also realized redox-active phosphorus–oxygen (PO2) terminations through a targeted conversion of hybrid MXene–black phosphorus membranes, [5] and achieved covalent grafting of multifunctional organic molecules onto MXene surfaces via diazonium chemistry. [6] Together, these approaches open new avenues for rationally designing MXenes with tailored surface chemistries. I will further discuss how such termination control dictates charge transport mechanisms and electrochemical storage behavior, offering insights into structure–property relationships and guiding principles for next-generation functional MXenes.
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