Publication date: 15th December 2025
The electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D) is a highly sensitive technique for probing metal plating/stripping, enabling real-time quantification of mass changes and interphase viscoelasticity.[1] In this presentation, we employ operando EQCM-D combined with hydrodynamic spectroscopy to investigate Mg and Zn deposition and dissolution processes.[2,3] For magnesium systems, we demonstrate that chloride content and electrolyte stability critically govern the evolution of the passivation layer at the negative electrode. Continuous tracking of mass and mechanical properties reveals dynamic restructuring of the Mg electrode/electrolyte interphase during cycling, highlighting how chloride-rich environments suppress blocking films and facilitate more reversible Mg plating. Using the same methodology, we further resolve distinct growth regimes during Mg electrode/electrolyte interphase formation and correlate interphase softness, mass accumulation, and electrochemical reversibility. Extending these insights to zinc, we show that indium-salt additives can effectively manipulate horizontal Zn nucleation and deposition, enabling stable anode-free Zn metal operation.[4] Overall, these works establish operando EQCM-D as a powerful platform for decoding interphase dynamics and guiding electrolyte and additive design for next-generation Mg and Zn batteries.
The authors acknowledge the Swedish Energy Agency (Grant P2023-00080) and Swedish Research Council (Grant 2024-05210) for financial support.
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