Publication date: 15th December 2025
Photo-active bismuth oxyhalides (BiOX, X = Cl, Br, I) have attracted considerable interest as semiconductor materials for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) water splitting due to their layered crystal structures, tunable band gaps, and intrinsic internal electric fields that promote efficient charge separation. Among this family, BiOI stands out as the most promising candidate owing to its suitable band gap and stability under photoelectrochemical conditions. Nevertheless, its catalytic performance remains insufficient for practical applications, necessitating further improvement. Recent progress in BiOI material engineering—particularly in nano-structuring and surface modification—has led to notable enhancements in charge transport and interfacial reaction kinetics. In this work, we introduce a straightforward approach to boost photocurrent by exfoliating BiOI microspheres synthesized via a microwave-assisted method. The resulting exfoliated BiOI exhibits a broader distribution of species compared to the pristine material. While these additional species do not directly improve PEC oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, they are gradually consumed or transformed during OER, generating more active sites and reducing system resistance, which collectively enhances OER performance. Furthermore, we present automated electrode-fabrication strategies derived from the traditional successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) process, highlighting their potential for scalable production of BiOI-based photoelectrodes.
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