Ink-State Preaggregation Control Enables Scalable and Automated Fabrication of Highly Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics
Hua Tang a
a Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nürnberg (FAU)
Proceedings of MATSUS Spring 2026 Conference (MATSUSSpring26)
B1 Future of Organic solar cells: What is next?
Barcelona, Spain, 2026 March 23rd - 27th
Organizers: Vida Engmann, Karen Forberich and Pascal Kaienburg
Oral, Hua Tang, presentation 145
Publication date: 15th December 2025

Scalability and automation are critical for advancing organic solar cells (OSCs) toward high-throughput production, yet both remain significant challenges. In this presentation, I will introduce a simple yet effective strategy using Tz6T as a multifunctional additive to regulate ink-state pre-aggregation to address these issues. Tz6T interacts with both donor and acceptor molecules in the ink, enabling enhanced and more ordered pre-aggregation. This promotes uniform film formation and significantly reduces bimolecular recombination, achieving 16.4% efficiency in large-area green-solvent-processed OSC modules (19.3 cm²), ranking among the best reported values to date. Furthermore, the pre-aggregated ink mitigates morphology drift caused by time delays in pre-programmed robotic fabrication, yielding device efficiencies exceeding 16%, highlighting strong potential for high-throughput production. Beyond efficiency enhancement, Tz6T also improves long-term stability and demonstrates compatibility across diverse material systems, underscoring its broad applicability. This work provides a promising pathway toward sustainable, scalable, and automated fabrication of high-performance and stable OSCs, paving the way for their industrialization.

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