Publication date: 15th December 2025
Compositionally complex or high entropy materials (HEMs) – solid solutions of five or more elements - are an emerging material class in the development of novel electrocatalysts. These multi-metallic compounds provide exciting new possibilities for catalyst design, and theoretical analysis predicts a great potential for HEMs as electrocatalysts, due to the almost unlimited number of unique surface sites, which enable a wide distribution of adsorption energies.[1] The field of high entropy materials catalysis enables a new, statistical approach to materials design. From an experimental viewpoint, however, HEMs come with new challenges regarding their synthesis and characterization. For direct comparison between theoretically predicted properties and the performance of the prepared catalysts, single-phase HEMs are essential.[2] Synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and spectroscopy provide insight into nanoscale structure formation, allowing us to follow the evolution of high-entropy alloy and oxide nanoparticles during synthesis and thermal treatments. [3,4] Such studies offer a mechanistic understanding of phase formation pathways, which enables the rational tuning of synthesis conditions to produce homogeneous, well-mixed solid solutions.
These well-mixed, multi-metallic materials allow us to determine not only different structure-activity properties of nanoparticle electrocatalysts but also to explore the stability of these novel materials under electrochemical reaction conditions. Studying the dissolution and degradation behavior of model HEM catalysts in an aqueous environment, the mechanisms that underlie the degradation of multi-metallic catalysts are explored. By relating structural characterization techniques with electrochemical analyses, through, e.g., operando X-ray diffraction, we can address the question of which role element mixing can play in the activation and potential stabilization of new electrocatalysts for fuel cell and electrolysis applications.[2]
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