Publication date: 15th December 2025
Despite sustained progress in the performance characteristics of organic semiconductors and halide perovskites, there are many fundamental features of structural and chemical heterogeneity that remain poorly understood. Resolving how specific features of structural and compositional heterogeneity limit properties is crucial for developing new interventions for the fabrication of devices with improved and more durable efficiency. Advances in low-dose, nanometre resolved electron diffraction have enabled access to this information for linking nanoscale structure to characteristics underpinning charge transport mechanisms [1, 2] and device ageing [3]. When combined with spectroscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), diffraction tools can particularly offer a direct means to link optical properties to nanoscale structures [4]. This presentation will highlight ongoing work to probe the role of localised, crystallographic defects (including dislocations [5]), crystalline and amorphous interfaces in polymer semiconductors, as well as compositional heterogeneity in mixed anion lead halide perovskite nanocrystals within metal–organic framework glass composite materials. Respectively, these observations link disorder in perylene diimide (PDI) nanocrystals to a reduction in the exciton diffusion coefficient by over two orders of magnitude and elaborate models for the change in the Stokes shift and exciton radius with composition in halide perovskites. These examples underscore the need to further progress multiscale structural and spectroscopic probes adapted to emerging semiconductor materials to observe otherwise hidden mechanisms limiting performance.
This work received support from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, EP/V044907/1), the EPSRC National Research Facility for Advanced Electron Microscopy SuperSTEM (EP/W021080/1), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (823717–ESTEEM3), the National Agency for Research future investment TEMPOS-CHROMATEM (ANR-10-EQPX-50), and UK Research and Innovation (EP/Y024583/2, Horizon Europe guarantee the project AMICI selected by the European Research Council).
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