Publication date: 15th December 2025
Materials for Sustainable Development Conference (MATSUS 2026)
Hierarchical Zn-MOF Nanoarchitectures for Efficient Removal of Endocrine Disruptors from Aqueous Systems
Anam Afaqa, Kartiki Chandratrea, Mohammad Mohsina,b, Arghya Banerjeea, and Sarang P. Gumfekara*
aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
bCentre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi, 110025, India
*Corresponding author: sarang.gumfekar@iitrpr.ac.in
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising nanoarchitectures for environmental remediation due to their tunable porosity and multifunctionality. In this work, two Zn-based MOF systems specifically designed to remove endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from water are synthesized and characterized. A facile approach yielded CALF-20, exhibiting high adsorption capacities of 329.3 mg g⁻¹ for Bisphenol-A and 392.9 mg g⁻¹ for 17-α Ethinylestradiol. Multi-scale SAXS revealed a hierarchical structure comprising mesoscale aggregates and nanoscale lamellae. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data conformed well to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. Thermodynamic evaluation indicated that the adsorption process was both spontaneous and released heat, demonstrating its exothermic character. DFT and XPS identified hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and Zn–O bonds as primary adsorption mechanisms, with demonstrated selectivity and reusability. Furthermore, in batch and fixed-bed experiments, Zn/Ni MOFs embedded in κ-carrageenan/NH₄A beads shown enhanced 17β-estradiol removal efficacy, structural stability, and regeneration capability. The maximum adsorption capacity under continuous flow conditions was estimated at 450.11 mg g-1 using the Thomas model. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated π–π stacking and hydrophilic interactions govern adsorption at the molecular level. These results demonstrate that Zn-based MOF nanoarchitectures are reliable, scalable options for sustainable environmental remediation as well as potential uses in chemical sensing and therapeutics.
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