Publication date: 15th December 2025
Despite the continuously increasing power conversion efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics, crystal damage and defect accumulation induced by coupled thermo-photonic stress under realistic outdoor operating conditions remain key bottlenecks for long-term device stability and large-scale deployment. To address this challenge, we have carried out a series of systematic studies on thermal cycling fatigue and self-healing regulation in perovskites, and progressively established a “crystal surface/interface synergistic regulation” paradigm that integrates dynamic self-healing, structural adaptivity, and contact optimization. Through interfacial chemical engineering, this body of work achieves multi-site cooperative defect passivation, ordered energy-level reconstruction, and effective mitigation and redistribution of local stress, thereby markedly suppressing non-radiative recombination and thermal-cycling-induced crystal fatigue degradation. In representative devices, a certified power conversion efficiency exceeding 27% has been realized. More importantly, after 200 stringent thermal cycles (–40–85 °C) and 2000 h of thermal aging at 85 °C, the devices retain over 90% of their initial performance, demonstrating excellent fatigue tolerance and operational reliability. Taken together, these studies elucidate surface/interface-dominated stabilization mechanisms from atomic to mesoscopic length scales and establish a generally applicable framework for perovskite surface/interface regulation, offering new materials and engineering pathways to mitigate fatigue failure and enable long-term stable outdoor operation.
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