Publication date: 15th December 2025
Perovskite based solar cells, using three-dimensional (3D) hybrid halide perovskites as the active layer reach high power conversion efficiencies (PCE), getting closer to the PCEs of the silicon technology. However, a key challenge to overcome is still the intrinsic and extrinsic instabilities of the 3D perovskites when exposed to temperature, moisture, oxygen and UV light. Thanks to properties like surface passivation, leading to a reduction of nonradiative recombination, or inhibition of ionic migration, remarkable achievements have been made on PCE and stability, using new cations and innovative architectures.
In this work, the absorbant material is the all-inorganic 3D perovskite CsPb(I,Br)3, deposited by spin-coating or by slot-die coating. Due to the small size of the Cs+ cation, iodine Cs-based perovksites show phase unstabilities, so that chemical engineering is first performed to stabilize the black photoactive phase at room temperature. Then several strategies, involving low-dimensional materials, such as two-dimensional (2D) perovskites or perovskite nanoparticles, are explored to protect and passivate the CsPb(I,Br)3 layers.
The deposition of the low dimensional perovskite layer, and its effect as a protective layer of the 3D perovskite, is characterized by using morphological (Scanning Electron Microscopy), structural (X-ray diffraction) and optical (photoluminescence, confocal microscopy) experiments. Both strategies demonstrated improvement of the material stability under high humidity.
Solar cells have been fabricated, using the architecture NIP, with and without the protective layers. Device efficiencies have been measured and show the beneficial effect of passivation at the interface perovskite / HTL. By indoor light cycling test, long-term durability under operational conditions has been evaluated and revealed promising long-term stability of the passivated devices, providing perspectives for the development of reliable and industrially viable technologies.
E. Deleporte acknowledges Lauriane Scherrer and Jean Rousset from EDF (Electricité de France), Iwan Zimmermann from IPVF (Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France), Cédric Mayer and Gaëlle Trippé-Allard from LuMIn (Lumière, Matière et Interfaces Laboratory) and Agence Nationale de La Recherche (ANR), project SPOIR, n° ANR-24-CE50-2579.
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