Publication date: 15th December 2025
Quantum dots have opened the way to new technologies due to their unique tunable photoelectronic properties. To fabricate devices, they are processed as concentrated inks with short ligands after replacing the insulating ligands used in their colloidal synthesis. Cadmium selenide (CdSe) is a ubiquitously studied quantum dot system with extensive synthetic and surface chemistry understanding. Yet no direct ink synthesis has been developed other than aqueous routes that show poor photoluminescence.
In this work, we develop a direct synthesis of inorganic-passivated CdSe QDs in polar solvents. We identify a thermally activated growth through magic-size clusters, which follows two-step nucleation and growth kinetics. Through liquid state 113Cd NMR, we show that highly Lewis basic solvents and weakly-coordinating ions favour the formation of high-quality CdSe nanocrystals. Surface characterisations, including ζ-potential, solid-state NMR, Raman and IR spectroscopy, reveal a disordered surface rich in cadmium-oxygen bonds, compromising the photoluminescence and chemical stability of the quantum dots. These results reinvigorate polar synthesis routes for quantum dots and improve our understanding towards a one-step synthesis of inorganic-passivated quantum dots.
Kaloyan Milanov, Simon Böhme, Anuluxan Santhiran, Shawon Abu, Aaron Rossini, Maksym Kovalenko
